Table 2.
Summary of treatment effects, treatment-related adverse events, the rank by P-score and the level of confidence from 14 interventions
| RLS severity | Sleep quality | Adverse events | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-score | P-score | P-scores | Confidence | |||||||
| Intervention | MD (95% CI) | (%) | Rank | SMD (95% CI) | (%) | Rank | OR (95% CI) | (%) | Rank | of evidenceb |
| Cool dialysate | 16.82 (10.63–23.02) | 97.24 | 1 | – | – | – | 2.25 (0.14–35.58) | 41.30 | 9 | High |
| ISE | 12.00 (7.04–16.97) | 81.46 | 2 | −0.10 (−0.84–0.64) | 0.1418 | 4a | 1.27 (0.18–8.72) | 28.98 | 12 | Low |
| Aromatherapy massage | 10.91 (6.96–14.85) | 76.22 | 3 | – | – | – | 0.71 (0.10–5.10) | 67.57 | 1 | Low |
| Gabapentin | 8.90 (1.95–15.85) | 63.06 | 4 | 2.00 (0.47–3.53) | 0.9426 | 1 | 4.00 (0.29–54.52) | 28.98 | 13 | Very low |
| Reflexology | 8.05 (2.73–13.37) | 56.37 | 5 | – | – | – | 1.07 (0.08–15.04) | 57.26 | 7 | Very low |
| Vitamin C | 7.73 (2.14–13.32) | 54.62 | 6 | – | – | – | 1.66 (0.15–18.03) | 49.59 | 8 | Moderate |
| Vitamin C + vitamin E | 7.61 (0.05–15.17) | 53.82 | 7 | – | – | – | 5.35 (0.41–69.49) | 22.59 | 14 | Low |
| Vitamin E | 7.41 (−0.28–15.10) | 52.50 | 8 | – | – | – | 3.54 (0.25–49.78) | 32.07 | 11 | Moderate |
| Dopamine agonist | 7.14 (2.01–12.27) | 49.86 | 9 | 0.52 (−0.80–1.85) | 0.4400 | 3 | 2.78 (0.44–17.73) | 35.14 | 10 | Very low |
| Iron | 6.57 (−1.00–14.14) | 47.43 | 10 | – | – | – | 0.69 (0.04–11.70) | 65.74 | 2 | Very low |
| IAE + dopamine agonist | 5.13 (−9.91–20.16) | 42.66 | 11 | – | – | – | 0.92 (0.01–117.00) | 57.32 | 6 | Low |
| IAE | 3.83 (−4.87–12.53) | 32.93 | 12 | −0.10 (−0.84–0.64) | 0.1418 | 4a | 0,92 (0.06–13.22) | 60.73 | 3 | Very low |
| Acupoint therapy | 1.61 (−3.67–6.88) | 18.83 | 13 | 1.34 (0.62–2.06) | 0.7684 | 2 | 1.00 (0.06–16.26) | 58.38 | 4 | Low |
| NES | −0.97 (−12.42–10.47) | 12.99 | 14 | – | – | – | 0.92 (0.01–107.97) | 57.41 | 5 | Very low |
a
Intradialytic stretching exercise and intradialytic aerobic exercise were merged as one group when analysing sleep quality.
P-scores (as percentages) and rank for each intervention were obtained from standard network meta-analysis.
bConfidence of evidence was assessed according to the results of NMA regarding RLS severity treatment effect by CINeMA.
IAE, intradialytic aerobic exercise; ISE, intradialytic stretching exercise; NES, neuromuscular electrical stimulation.