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. 2022 Jun 6;93(Suppl 3):e2022055. doi: 10.23750/abm.v93iS3.13070

Table 1.

Virchow’s triad

Damage to the endothelium
  1. Cerebral venous catheters

  2. Inflammation (i.e., lupus, inflammatory bowel disease)

  3. Systemic infections

  4. Antiphospholipid antibodies

Change in laminar flow
  1. Congenital or acquired heart disease

  2. Local anatomical causes (e.g., congenital anomalies of pulmonary arteries or after corrective heart surgery, e.g., Fontan surgery

  3. Total parenteral nutrition

Thrombophilia
  1. Nephrotic syndrome

  2. Cancer

  3. Medications (L-asparaginase therapy)

  4. Pregnancy or hormonal supplementation

  5. Antiphospholipid antibodies

Inherited conditions
  1. Deficit of anticoagulants (i.e., protein C, protein S, Antithrombin III)

  2. Factor V Leiden, prothrombin gene variant

  3. Elevated homocysteine