Table 3.

Between groups effect sizes (Cohen d) for primary and secondary outcomes based on MI^a and booster factors using pooled imputations.

Outcomes				After treatment, Cohen d (95% CI)		1-month follow-up, Cohen d (95% CI)		3-month follow-up, Cohen d (95% CI)
MI
	Primary outcomes
		PHQ-9b	0.23 (−0.01 to 0.47)		0.14 (−0.10 to 0.37)		0.08 (−0.16 to 0.31)
		GAD-7c	0.25 (0.02 to 0.49)		0.07 (−0.17 to 0.30)		0.06 (−0.17 to 0.30)
		PAFd	0.05 (−0.18 to 0.29)		−0.04 (−0.27 to 0.20)		0.09 (−0.15 to 0.32)
	Secondary outcomes
		SDSe	0.35 (0.12 to 0.59)		0.08 (−0.16 to 0.31)		−0.02 (−0.25 to 0.22)
		AUDITf	0.11 (−0.12 to 0.35)		—g		—
		DUDITh	0.08 (−0.15 to 0.32)		—		—
Booster
	Primary outcomes
		PHQ-9	−0.17 (−0.40 to 0.07)		−0.09 (−0.32 to 0.15)		0.00 (−0.23 to 0.24)
		GAD-7	−0.24 (−0.48 to −0.01)		−0.16 (−0.39 to 0.08)		−0.09 (−0.33 to 0.14)
		PAF	0.10 (−0.13 to 0.34)		0.08 (−0.15 to 0.32)		−0.01 (−0.25 to 0.23)
	Secondary outcomes
		SDS	−0.05 (−0.28 to 0.19)		0.00 (−0.24 to 0.23)		0.03 (−0.20 to 0.27)
		AUDIT	0.00 (−0.23 to 0.24)		—		—
		DUDIT	0.20 (−0.03 to 0.44)		—		—

^aMI: motivational interviewing.

^bPHQ-9: 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.

^cGAD-7: 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

^dPAF: Perceptions of Academic Functioning.

^eSDS: Sheehan Disability Scale.

^fAUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test.

^gThe AUDIT and DUDIT were only administered before treatment and after treatment; thus, data are not available for the percentage change and effect sizes at the 1-month and 3-month follow-ups.

^hDUDIT: Drug Use Disorder Identification Test.