Table 1.
Characteristics reported at hospital admission and clinical outcomes of all, ICU and non-ICU admitted COVID-19 patients
| All patients (n = 161 239) | ICU cohort (n = 35 993) | Non-ICU cohort (n = 125 246) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adult (n = 35 550) | Children (n = 443) | Adult (n = 122 717) | Children (n = 2529) | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| ȃAge, median (IQR), years | 69 (54–81) | 61 (51–71) | 6 (1–14) | 73 (56–83) | 7 (1–14) |
| ȃSex, male, n (%) | 91 380 (56.7) | 23 270 (65.5) | 249 (56.2) | 66 463 (54.2) | 1398 (55.3) |
| ȃTime from first symptom of COVID-19 to hospitalization, median (IQR), days | 5 (1–8) | 6 (2–9) | 2 (1–6) | 4 (1–8) | 2 (1–5) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| ȃBlack | 4937 (3.1) | 1789 (5.0) | 45 (10.2) | 2992 (2.4) | 111 (4.4) |
| ȃCaucasian | 101 887 (63.2) | 14 681 (41.3) | 132 (29.8) | 85 959 (70.0) | 1115 (44.1) |
| ȃSoutheast Asian | 19 724 (12.2) | 8684 (24.4) | 100 (22.6) | 10 219 (8.3) | 721 (28.5) |
| ȃMixed ethnicity | 874 (0.5) | 167 (0.5) | 11 (2.5) | 648 (0.5) | 48 (1.9) |
| ȃOther | 5923 (3.7) | 1 829 (5.1) | 32 (7.2) | 3926 (3.2) | 136 (5.4) |
| Comorbidities reported at hospital admission | |||||
| ȃAsthma, n (%) | 19 386 (12.2) | 4134 (11.8) | 25 (5.7) | 15 082 (12.5) | 146 (5.8) |
| ȃChronic cardiac disease, n (%)a | 43 821 (27.7) | 6451 (18.4) | 47 (10.7) | 37 242 (31.0) | 81 (3.2) |
| ȃChronic kidney disease, n (%)b | 23 255 (14.7) | 2995 (8.5) | 11 (2.5) | 20 198 (16.8) | 52 (2.1) |
| ȃChronic neurological disorder, n (%)c | 17 199 (10.9) | 2372 (6.8) | 53 (12.0) | 4646 (12.2) | 128 (5.1) |
| ȃChronic pulmonary disease, n (%)d | 22 624 (14.3) | 2 935 (8.4) | 14 (3.2) | 19 631 (16.3) | 44 (1.8) |
| ȃDementia,en (%) | 17 543 (11.6) | 596 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 16 942 (14.6) | 5 (0.2) |
| ȃDiabetes mellitus, n (%) | 47 406 (29.8) | 11 839 (33.7) | 53 (12.1) | 35 362 (29.2) | 153 (6.1) |
| ȃGCS at admission, median (IQR) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) |
| ȃHypertension, n (%) | 61 601 (45.2) | 14 456 (46.3) | 26 (6.4) | 47 058 (45.9) | 61 (2.7) |
| ȃLiver disease, n (%) | 5044 (3.1) | 1122 (3.2) | 7 (1.6) | 3901 (3.2) | 14 (0.6) |
| ȃObesity, n (%) | 19 117 (13.7) | 6833 (21.6) | 18 (4.5) | 12 217 (11.7) | 49 (2.1) |
| ȃSmoking, n (%)f | 38 071 (39.8) | 6514 (36.0) | 10 (3.6) | 31 477 (41.9) | 70 (3.2) |
| Mechanically ventilated, n (%) | 19 130 (12.1) | 18 614 (53.2) | 153 (34.9) | 18 767 (52.9) | 363 (0.3) |
| Outcome, n (%) | |||||
| ȃContinued hospitalization | 5216 (3.2) | 3030 (8.5) | 28 (6.3) | 2138 (1.7) | 20 (0.8) |
| ȃDied | 38 847 (24.1) | 11 568 (32.5) | 33 (7.4) | 27 213 (22.2) | 33 (1.3) |
| ȃDischarged | 105 770 (65.6) | 18 225 (51.3) | 337 (76.1) | 84 859 (69.2) | 2349 (92.9) |
| ȃTransferred to other facility | 11 406 (7.1) | 2727 (7.7) | 45 (10.2) | 8507 (6.9) | 127 (5.0) |
| Time from hospitalization to outcome, median (IQR), days | |||||
| ȃContinued hospitalization | 28 (6–37) | 7 (4–28) | 9 (3–28) | 37 (29–61) | 34 (31–64) |
| ȃDeath | 11 (6–20) | 12 (7–20) | 7 (5–16) | 11 (6–20) | 9 (4–15) |
| ȃDischarged | 9 (5–17) | 13 (8–24) | 9 (4–14) | 9 (5–16) | 4 (2–11) |
| ȃTransfer to other facility | 15 (8–28) | 16 (7–34) | 5 (3–13) | 15 (9–27) | 9 (4–12) |
See Supplementary Table 2 for a summary of data completeness on baseline characteristics.
Chronic cardiac disease: any of coronary artery disease, heart failure, congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy or rheumatic heart disease; not hypertension.
Chronic kidney disease: chronic estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or history of kidney transplantation.
Chronic neurological disorder: any of cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron disease, muscular dystrophy, myasthaenia gravis, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, severe learning difficulty.
Chronic pulmonary disease: chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease, pre-existing requirement for long-term oxygen therapy; not asthma.
Clinical diagnosis of dementia.
Smokers included current and former smokers.