Table 3.
Results from stratified logistic analyses probing smoking status x vaccination status interactions. (N = 54 983)
| Outcome/ Model | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
| Mortality | ||||||
| Stratified by smoking status | ||||||
| Never smoker | ||||||
| Vaccination (vs none)b | 0.90 | 0.77, 1.05 | .190 | 0.67 | 0.57, 0.79 | <.001 |
| Current smoker | ||||||
| Vaccination (vs none) | 0.43 | 0.23, 0.79 | .007 | 0.29 | 0.16, 0.55 | <.001 |
| Former smoker | ||||||
| Vaccination (vs none) | 0.60 | 0.51, 0.71 | <.001 | 0.47 | 0.39, 0.56 | <.001 |
| Missing smoking status | ||||||
| Vaccination (vs none) | 0.69 | 0.41, 1.17 | .171 | 0.60 | 0.35, 1.04 | .066 |
| Stratified by vaccination | ||||||
| No recorded vaccination | ||||||
| Never smoker (Ref) | 1.00 | — | — | 1.00 | — | — |
| Current smoker | 0.83 | 0.72, 0.95 | .008 | 0.98 | 0.85, 1.13 | .739 |
| Former smoker | 1.59 | 1.48, 1.71 | <.001 | 1.12 | 1.04, 1.21 | .003 |
| Missing smoking status | 2.03 | 1.79, 2.30 | <.001 | 1.90 | 1.67, 2.16 | <.001 |
| Vaccinated | ||||||
| Never smoker (Ref) | 1.00 | — | — | 1.00 | — | — |
| Current smoker | 0.41 | 0.22, 0.76 | .005 | 0.40 | 0.21, 0.75 | .004 |
| Former smoker | 1.06 | 0.85, 1.32 | .585 | 0.79 | 0.63, 1.00 | .051 |
| Missing smoking status | 1.56 | 0.91, 2.68 | .105 | 1.56 | 0.89, 2.74 | .122 |
| ICU admission | ||||||
| Stratified by smoking status | ||||||
| Never smoker | ||||||
| Vaccination (vs none) | 0.95 | 0.85, 1.05 | .270 | 0.87 | 0.79, 0.97 | .010 |
| Current smoker | ||||||
| Vaccination (vs none) | 0.80 | 0.61, 1.05 | .108 | 0.73 | 0.55, 0.96 | .025 |
| Former smoker | ||||||
| Vaccination (vs none) | 0.77 | 0.69, 0.86 | <.001 | 0.74 | 0.66, 0.83 | <.001 |
| Missing smoking status | ||||||
| Vaccination (vs none) | 0.80 | 0.55, 1.18 | .262 | 0.78 | 0.53, 1.16 | .220 |
| Stratified by vaccination | ||||||
| No recorded vaccination | ||||||
| Never smoker (Ref) | 1.00 | — | — | 1.00 | — | — |
| Current smoker | 1.12 | 1.03, 1.22 | .008 | 1.09 | 1.00, 1.19 | .052 |
| Former smoker | 1.23 | 1.17, 1.30 | <.001 | 1.08 | 1.02, 1.14 | .005 |
| Missing smoking status | 1.91 | 1.74, 2.10 | <.001 | 1.93 | 1.75, 2.13 | <.001 |
| Vaccinated | ||||||
| Never smoker (Ref) | 1.00 | — | — | 1.00 | — | — |
| Current smoker | 0.92 | 0.70, 1.21 | .559 | 0.80 | 0.60, 1.07 | .132 |
| Former smoker | 1.00 | 0.87, 1.15 | .992 | 0.91 | 0.78, 1.05 | .189 |
| Missing smoking status | 1.65 | 1.13, 2.42 | .010 | 1.62 | 1.10, 2.39 | .016 |
CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference category; OR, odds ratio.
aAdjusted for sex, age, race, ethnicity, insurance status, BMI, and past 5-year comorbidity score.
bComparison of patients with a prehospitalization EHR-documented vaccine dose to those with no EHR record of vaccination.
Omnibus interaction effects from models including interaction terms (Supplementary Tables S15–S17):
Smoking Status × Vaccine interaction for mortality, unadjusted F (3, 54 975) = 4.84, p = .002;
Smoking Status × Vaccine interaction for mortality, adjusted F (3, 54 949) = 4.16, p = .006.
Smoking Status × Vaccine interaction for ICU admission, unadjusted F (3, 54 975) = 2.68, p = .045.
Smoking Status × Vaccine interaction for ICU admission, adjusted F (3, 54 949) = 2.64, p = .048.