Table 2. Examples of Nanostructured-Based Sensors for Detection of Food Contaminants.
| type of food contaminants | materials | detection techniques | applications | detection limit | reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogens | |||||
| Salmonella typhimurium | Fe-MOF/PtNPs | microfluidic immunosensor | food sample | 93 cfu/mL | (111) |
| Escherichia coli | MIL-53(Fe)/PEDOT | electrochemical | water | 4 cfu/mL | (112) |
| Ab/Cu3(BTC)2-PANI/ITO | electrochemical | water | 2 cfu/mL | (113) | |
| Cu-MOF NP | colorimetric | milk | 2 cfu/mL | (114) | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 2D MOF | electrochemical | - | 6 cfu/mL | (115) |
| NH2-MIL-53(Fe) | photoluminescence | cream pastry | 85 cfu/mL | (116) | |
| Mycotoxins | |||||
| 3-nitropropionic acid | [Zn2(tcpbp)(4,40 -bipy)2] | fluorescence | sugar cane | 1.0 μM | (117) |
| Eu-MOF (1) | r fluorescence | moldy sugar cane | 12.6 μM | (118) | |
| aflatoxin B1 | UiO-66-NH2 | fluorescence | corn, rice and milk | 0.35 ng/mL | (119) |
| Zr-LMOF/MF | fluorescence | water | 1.6 mg/L | (120) | |
| patulin | MIP/Au@Cu-MOF/N-GQDs/GCE | electrochemical | fruit juices | 0.0007 ng/mL | (121) |
| Antibiotics | |||||
| tetracycline | Eu-MOF (1) | fluorescence | water | 3 nM | (122) |
| Eu-MOF | fluorescence | milk and beef | 22 and 21 μM | (123) | |
| cephalexin | gCDc/AuNCs @ ZIF-8 | r fluorescence | milk | 0.04 ng/mL | (124) |
| metronidazole | MIL-53(Fe)@MIP | fluorescence | milk | 53.4 nM | (125) |
| chloramphenicol | MIP/Zr-LMOF | fluorescence | milk and honey | 0.11 and 0.13 μg/L | (126) |
| nitrofurans | Eu-MOFs | fluorescence | food | 1.08 μM | (127) |
| {[Cd3(TDCPB)·2DMAc]·DMAc·4H2O}n | fluorescence | milk | 105 μM | (128) | |