Table 3 –
Bivariate analyses of explanatory variables and medication adherence measures, N = 279.
| Chi-Square Analysis | Proportion of days covered Adherence % (n) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Medium | High | Sig | |
|
| ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 75.0 (78) | 21.2 (22) | 3.8 (4) | |
| Female | 70.3 (l23) | 24.6 (43) | 5.1 (9) | 0.68 |
| Age | ||||
| <65 years | 74.7 (174) | 21.0 (49) | 4.3 (10) | |
| ≥65 years | 58.7 (27) | 34.8 (16) | 6.5 (3) | 0.08 ^ |
| US born | ||||
| Yes | 50.0 (14) | 46.4 (13) | 3.6 (1) | |
| No (US residence < 10 years) | 88.9 (l6) | 11.1 (2) | 0 | 0.02 * |
| No (US residence ≥ 10 years) | 73.4 (171) | 21.5 (50) | 5.2 (12) | |
| Language preference | ||||
| English | 67.9 (19) | 21.4 (6) | 10.7 (3) | |
| Spanish | 72.5 (l82) | 23.5 (59) | 4.0 (10) | 0.27 |
| Education level | ||||
| High school diploma/GED or less | 71.3 (154) | 23.6 (51) | 5.1 (11) | |
| Greater than high school diploma/GED | 74.6 (47) | 22.2 (14) | 3.2 (2) | 0.80 |
| Employment | ||||
| Employed for wages | 77.1 (91) | 18.6 (22) | 4.2 (5) | |
| Unemployed/Retired/Unable to work | 68.3 (110) | 26.7 (43) | 5.0 (8) | 0.26 |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Single | 73.7 (28) | 18.4 (7) | 7.9 (3) | |
| Married/Living with partner | 73.1 (106) | 22.8 (33) | 4.1 (6) | 0.77 |
| Divorced/Widowed/Separated | 69.5 (66) | 26.3 (25) | 4.2 (4) | |
| Annual Household Income | ||||
| <$20,000 | 70.3 (128) | 25.8 (47) | 3.8 (7) | |
| ≥$20,000 | 75.3 (73) | 18.6 (18) | 6.2 (6) | 0.30 |
| Type of Insurance | ||||
| Private insurance | 80.0 (4) | 20.0 (1) | 0 | |
| Public insurance | 72.6 (146) | 21.9 (44) | 5.5 (11) | 0.75 |
| No insurance | 69.9 (51) | 27.4 (20) | 2.7 (2) | |
| Health Literacy | ||||
| Adequate health literacy | 84.0 (21) | 12.0 (3) | 4.0 (1) | |
| Limited health literacy | 70.9 (180) | 24.4 (62) | 4.47 (12) | 0.35 |
| Bivariate analyses of predictor variables and medication adherence measures, N=279 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| One Way ANOVA | Proportion of days covered Adherence | ||||
| M (SD) |
|||||
| Low | Medium | High | F | Effect size (R2) | |
|
| |||||
| Mean Comparisons | |||||
| Social support | 2.96 (0.64) | 3.13 (0.58) | 3.45 (0.80) | 4.84 | 0.03 * |
| Depressive Symptomatology | 6.01 (4.84) | 5.96 (4.64) | 4.61 (3.42) | 0.53 | 0.00 |
| Anxiety Disorder | 4.82 (4.31) | 4.36 (3.96) | 4.46 (4.35) | 0.31 | 0.00 |
| Perceived Stress | 8.13 (3.08) | 8.33 (2.80) | 8.53 (2.60) | 0.19 | 0.00 |
| Number of CVD Risk Factorsa | 2.00 (1.11) | 2.27 (1.20) | 1.69 (1.03) | 2.07 | 0.01 |
| Number of Prescribed Medicationsb | 3.58 (0.65) | 3.60 (0.72) | 3.61 (0.87) | 0.03 | 0.00 |
One Way ANOVA = One Way Analysis of Variance.
a
Number of CVD risk factors include diagnoses of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and being current smoker (self-reported).
b
Number of prescribed medications includes medication for diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol, chronic pain, and asthma
^
Approaching significance at the 0.05 level (0.05 > p < 0.10).
*
P ≤ 0.05.