Table 4 –
Results of Hierarchical Logistic Regression Analysis on Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) Low-adherence to Medications for Male participants (N = 104).
| Model 1 Demographic characteristics |
Model 2 Social/Economic related factors |
Model 3 Psychosocial related factors |
Model 4 Demographic, Social/Economic, Psychosocial factors |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | Exp (B) | 95% CI | β (SE) | Exp (B) | 95% CI | β (SE) | Exp (B) | 95% CI | β (SE) | Exp (B) | 95% CI | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Predisposing demographic factors | ||||||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||
| <65 years | −0.99 (0.61) | 0.37 | 0.11, 1.23 | −1.14 (0.66) | 0.32 | 0.08, 1.16 | −1.00 (0.68) | −1.00 (0.68) | 0.36 | 0.09, 1.40 | ||
| ≥65 years | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| US born | ||||||||||||
| Yes (US born) | 1.39 (0.83) | 4.02 | 0.78, 20.53 | 1.92 (0.94) | 6.85 | 1.08, 43* | 2.03 (0.98) | 7.65 | 1.10, 52.99* | 2.03 (0.98) | 7.65 | 1.10, 52.99* |
| No (US residence ≥ 10 years) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Language preference | ||||||||||||
| English | −0.63 (0.86) | 0.51 | 0.09, 2.83 | −1.34 (1.03) | 0.26 | 0.03, 1.99 | −1.28 (1.09) | 0.27 | 0.03, 2.35 | −1.28 (1.09) | 0.27 | 0.03, 2.35 |
| Spanish | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Education level | ||||||||||||
| High school diploma/GED or less | 0.63 (0.73) | 1.87 | 0.44, 7.95 | 0.55 (0.77) | 1.72 | 0.37, 7.89 | 0.56 (0.79) | 1.75 | 0.36, 8.41 | 0.56 (0.80) | 1.75 | 0.36, 8.41 |
| >High school diploma/GED | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Marital Status | ||||||||||||
| Single | −1.97 (1.07) | 0.14 | 0.01, 1.15 | −2.49 (1.28) | 0.08 | 0.01, 1.01^ | −2.79 (1.35) | 0.06 | 0.04, 0.86* | −2.79 (1.35) | 0.61 | 0.01, 0.86* |
| Married/Living with partner | −0.06 (0.58) | 0.93 | 0.29, 2.97 | −0.09 (0.62) | 0.91 | 0.27, 3.12 | −0.45 (0.69) | 0.64 | 0.16, 2.49 | −0.45 (0.70) | 0.64 | 0.16, 2.49 |
| Divorced/Widowed/Separated | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Social/economic related factors | ||||||||||||
| Annual Household Income | ||||||||||||
| <$20,000 | 0.25 (0.56) | 1.28 | 0.42, 3.87 | 0.40 (0.59) | 1.49 | 0.46, 4.77 | 0.40 (0.59) | 1.49 | 0.46, 4.77 | |||
| ≥$20,000 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| Type of Insurance | ||||||||||||
| Private insurance | −0.18 (0.54) | 0.83 | 0.28, 2.44 | −0.19 (0.58) | 0.82 | 0.26, 2.60 | −0.19 (0.58) | 0.82 | 0.26, 2.60 | |||
| Public insurance | −16.71 (40.97) | 0.000 | 0.000 | −15.94 (42.97) | 0.000 | 0.000 | −15.94 (42.97) | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
| No insurance reported | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
| Social support | 1.36 (0.45) | 3.89 | 1.62, 9.39* | 1.42 (0.46) | 4.15 | 1.66, 10.37** | 1.42 (0.46) | 4.15 | 1.66, 10.37** | |||
| Health literacy | ||||||||||||
| Adequate | −1.66 (1.19) | 0.18 | 0.01, 1.96 | −1.82 (1.29) | 0.16 | 0.013, 2.03 | −1.82 (1.29) | 0.16 | 0.01, 2.03 | |||
| Limited | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
|
| ||||||||||||
| Model 1 Demographic characteristics |
Model 2 Social/Economic related factors |
Model 3 Psychosocial related factors |
Model 4 Demographic, Social/Economic, Psychosocial factors |
|||||||||
| β (SE) | Exp (B) | 95% CI | β (SE) | Exp (B) | 95% CI | β (SE) | Exp (B) | 95% CI | β (SE) | Exp (B) | 95% CI | |
|
| ||||||||||||
| Psycho-social condition related factors | ||||||||||||
| Depressive symptomatology | 0.03 (0.08) | 1.03 | 0.87, 1.21 | 0.30 (0.08) | 1.03 | 0.87, 1.21 | ||||||
| Anxiety disorder | −0.15 (0.12) | 0.86 | 0.68, 1.10 | −0.15 (0.12) | 0.86 | 0.67, 1.09 | ||||||
| Perceived Stress | 0.17 (0.14) | 1.18 | 0.89, 1.55 | 0.16 (0.14) | 1.18 | 0.89, 1.55 | ||||||
| Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|||||||||
| −2 Log likelihood | 103 | 91 | 89 | 89 | ||||||||
| Cox and Snell R-squared | 0.121 | 0.214 | 0.230 | 0.229 | ||||||||
| Nagerlkerke R-squared | 0.179 | 0.317 | 0.340 | 0.339 | ||||||||
Notes:
PDC = Proportion of Days Covered, AOR = Adjusted Odds Ratios, CI = Confidence Interval, Ref = Reference category.
^
p < 0.10.
*
P < 0.05.
**
P < 0.01.