Table 2. Sensitivity Analyses on Hazard Ratios (HRs and 95%CI) of Cardiovascular Incidence Associated with per 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 Concentrationsa.
| Models | Main model | Sensitivity analysis 1 | Sensitivity analysis 2 | Sensitivity analysis 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular disease | 1.04 (1.02, 1.07) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.07) | 1.05 (1.03, 1.07) |
| MACE | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.08) |
| MVE | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) |
| MCE | 1.09 (1.01, 1.17) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.09 (1.01, 1.17) | 1.06 (0.97, 1.15) |
| IHD | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) |
| AMI | 1.09 (1.01, 1.17) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.09 (1.01, 1.17) | 1.06 (0.97, 1.15) |
| Stroke | 1.04 (1.01, 1.08) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.08) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) |
| Ischemic stroke | 1.04 (1.01, 1.08) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.08) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) |
a
Abbreviations: MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; MVE, major vascular events; MCE, major coronary events; IHD, ischemic heart disease; AMI, acute myocardial infraction. Notes: Main model was adjusted for age, sex, active/passive smoking status, education, BMI, self-rated health, alcohol consumption, physical activity, household income, solid fuel used for cooking/heating, ozone and temperature. Sensitivity analysis 1, using substitute PM2.5 concentrations from GBD 2019 exposure estimates. Sensitivity analysis 2, excluding self-reported baseline prevalence of coronary heart disease, stroke and hypertension. Sensitivity analysis 3, excluding participants with poor self-reported health at baseline.