Figure 1.
The testing pen where observations of ponies (n = 20) responding to differing human facial expressions were conducted with two different orientation set-ups. The pen was 5 m2 constructed using two walls of the indoor arena and two sides made of barriers 0.5 m high. The actor (X) portraying the facial expression was seated on a chair placed 1.0 m from the edge of the pen. Two video cameras were placed to capture the behavioural responses of the ponies in two different orientations: one camera was always behind the actor and second camera was on the perimeter of the pen either to the right (1) or to the left (2) of the actor.