Table 3.

List of behaviours recorded when ponies (n = 20) were exposed to human actors portraying various facial expressions for 60 s. Adapted from [22,23,24,25].

Behaviour	Description
First monocular look	The single eye that the pony first used to look at the human (right or left). The pony must turn their head at least 45° (from the central axis of the face) to achieve this.
Left eye look	Time spent with pony’s head turned at least 45° to the left (from the central axis of the face) and using their left eye to look in the direction of the human.
Right eye look	Time spent with pony’s head turned at least 45° to the right (from the central axis of the face) and using their right eye to look in the direction of the human.
Binocular eye look	Time spent with the pony’s head directly facing the human (from the central axis of the face).
Latency to approach	Time taken for the pony to move in the direction of the human (more than one step with any one foot). The pony did not have to reach or touch the actor.
Head—Above withers	Head and neck elevated with the muzzle above the chest.
Head—Even with withers	Head and neck even (muzzle at chest level).
Head—Below withers	Head and neck lowered with the muzzle below the chest.
Ear orientation	The direction and position of the left ear relative to the actor—either toward actor or away from actor.
Distance	The distance in m of the pony’s front feet from the actor.
Oral behaviours	Included lip licking (tongue extending beyond oral cavity) and chewing.