Table 1.
Population characteristics at ICU admission.
| All Patients n = 135 |
Day-60 Survivors n = 89 |
Day-60 Decedents n = 46 |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and comorbidities | ||||
| Age, years | 62.7 (51.6–71.2) | 58.3 (49.2–66.1) | 71.1 (62.3–75.9) | <0.01 |
| Female gender | 43 (31.9) | 30 (33.7) | 13 (28.3) | 0.52 |
| Body Mass Index | 29 (25.8–34) | 29.6 (26.3–34) | 28.6 (24.3–31.2) | 0.09 |
| Diabetes | 40 (29.6) | 17 (19.1) | 23 (50) | <0.01 |
| Chronic diseases (Knaus ≥ 1) | 60 (44.4) | 36 (40.4) | 24 (52.2) | 0.19 |
| Immunodepression | 16 (11.9) | 5 (5.6) | 11 (23.9) | <0.01 |
| Characteristics at ICU admission | ||||
| SAPS II | 27 (21–39) | 25 (18–34) | 34 (26–48) | <0.01 |
| Time from 1st symptoms to ICU admission, days | 9 (7–12) | 9 (7–12) | 8 (7–15) | 0.80 |
| Respiratory SOFA | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.50 |
| Extra-respiratory SOFA | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (1–6) | <0.01 |
| Ventilatory status at day 1 | 0.25 | |||
| None | 27 (20) | 19 (21.3) | 8 (17.4) | . |
| NIV/HFNC/CPAP | 78 (57.8) | 54 (60.7) | 24 (52.2) | . |
| IMV/ECMO | 30 (22.2) | 16 (18) | 14 (30.4) | . |
| Steroid therapy at day 1 | 127 (94.1) | 85 (95.5) | 42 (91.3) | 0.44 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| MR-proADM, nmol/L | ||||
| Day 1 | 1 (0.7–1.6) | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 1.4 (1.1–2.7) | <0.01 |
| Day 3 | 0.9 (0.7–1.7) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.5 (0.9–3.6) | <0.01 |
| Day 7 | 1 (0.7–1.9) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 1.4 (1–3.6) | <0.01 |
| IL-6 at day 1, pg/mL | 36.3 (9–88) | 29.4 (7.6–72) | 58.3 (13.2–168) | 0.11 |
| CRP at day 1, mg/L | 127 (68–177) | 129 (57–177) | 123.5 (93–172) | 0.40 |
| Procalcitonin at day 1, μg/L | 0.3 (0.1–1.4) | 0.2 (0.1–1) | 0.6 (0.3–2) | <0.01 |
| LDH at day 1, UI/L | 439 (337–573) | 427 (335.5–550) | 474 (362–632) | 0.16 |
| Lymphocytes at day 1, G/L | 0.97 (0.59–1.32) | 1.01 (0.63–1.39) | 0.85 (0.46–1.12) | 0.04 |
| D-dimers at day 1, μg/L | 916 (556–1768) | 811 (537–1431) | 1161 (667–2594) | 0.07 |
| Ferritin at day 1, μg/L | 851 (397–1668) | 804 (344–1448) | 1088 (575–2418) | 0.03 |
Abbreviations: ICU, Intensive care Unit; SAPS, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; NIV, Non-invasive ventilation; HFNC, High Flow Nasal Canula; CPAP, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; IMV, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation; ECMO, Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation, MR-proADM, Mid-regional proadrenomedullin; CRP, C-reactive protein; LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase.