Table 2.
Major carbapenemase enzymes. Adapted from: Tompkins K et al. [8].
Ambler Class | Major Enzymes | Active Site | Treatment Notes |
---|---|---|---|
A | KPC, NMC, SME | Serine | Clavulanate and tazobactam are not effective Avibactam, vaborbactam and relebactam are effective |
B | VIM, IMP, NDM | Zinc | All available BLI are ineffective Do not hydrolyze monobactams and cefiderocol |
D | OXA-48 | Serine | Clavulanate, tazobactam, vaborbactam and relebactam are not effective Avibactam is effective |
KPC: K. pneumoniae Carbapenemase; NMC: not metalloenzyme carbapenemase; SME: Serratia marcescens enzyme; VIM: Verona Integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase; IMP: Imipenemase; NDM: Delhi metallo-β-lactamase; OXA: oxacillinase.