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. 2022 Sep 17;11(9):1263. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11091263

Table 2.

Major carbapenemase enzymes. Adapted from: Tompkins K et al. [8].

Ambler Class Major Enzymes Active Site Treatment Notes
A KPC, NMC, SME Serine Clavulanate and tazobactam are not effective Avibactam, vaborbactam and relebactam are effective
B VIM, IMP, NDM Zinc All available BLI are ineffective
Do not hydrolyze monobactams and cefiderocol
D OXA-48 Serine Clavulanate, tazobactam, vaborbactam and relebactam are not effective
Avibactam is effective

KPC: K. pneumoniae Carbapenemase; NMC: not metalloenzyme carbapenemase; SME: Serratia marcescens enzyme; VIM: Verona Integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase; IMP: Imipenemase; NDM: Delhi metallo-β-lactamase; OXA: oxacillinase.