Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients included in the PPS in Serbia, 2017.
| Total n (%) |
Non-HAI n (%) |
HAI n (%) |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 12,380 (100.0) | 11,865 (95.8) | 515 (4.2) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 6573 (53.1) | 6355 (53.6) | 218 (42.3) | |
| Male | 5807 (46.9) | 5510 (46.4) | 297 (57.7) | <0.001 |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 60.4 ± 17.1 | 60.3 ± 17.1 | 63.8 ± 15.3 | <0.001 |
| <40 years | 1963 (15.9) | 1918 (16.2) | 45 (8.7) | <0.001 |
| 40–59 | 2765 (22.3) | 2650 (22.3) | 115 (22.3) | 0.998 |
| 60–79 | 6346 (51.3) | 6056 (51.0) | 290 (56.3) | 0.019 |
| >80 | 1306 (10.5) | 1241 (10.5) | 65 (12.6) | 0.118 |
| Ward | ||||
| Surgery | 4896 (39.5) | 4675 (39.4) | 221 (42.9) | 0.111 |
| General Medicine | 5565 (45.0) | 5374 (45.3) | 191 (37.1) | <0.001 |
| Intensive care unit | 521 (4.2) | 438 (3.7) | 83 (16.1) | <0.001 |
| Gynecology | 1342 (10.8) | 1326 (11.2) | 16 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| Mix adults | 56 (0.5) | 52 (0.4) | 4 (0.8) | 0.263 |
| McCabe classification | ||||
| Nonfatal | 9714 (78.5) | 9417 (79.4) | 297 (57.7) | <0.001 |
| Fatal within 5 years | 654 (5.3) | 581 (4.9) | 73 (14.2) | <0.001 |
| Fatal within 1 year | 1663 (13.4) | 1532 (12.9) | 131 (25.4) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 349 (2.8) | 335 (2.8) | 14 (2.7) | 0.888 |
| Extrinsic factors | ||||
| Invasive devices | ||||
| Urinary catheter | 2823 (22.8) | 2521 (21.2) | 302 (58.6) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral venous catheter | 7871 (63.6) | 7454 (62.8) | 417 (81.0) | <0.001 |
| Central venous catheter | 631 (5.1) | 485 (4.1) | 146 (28.3) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 268 (2.2) | 182 (1.5) | 86 (16.7) | <0.001 |
| Exposure to intensive care | 521 (4.2) | 438 (3.7) | 83 (16.1) | <0.001 |
| Prior antibiotics therapy | 5242 (42.3) | 4739 (39.9) | 503 (97.7) | <0.001 |
| Hospital size | ||||
| Small (<360 beds) | 2909 (23.5) | 2801 (23.6) | 108 (21.0) | 0.167 |
| Medium (360–574) | 3289 (26.6) | 3180 (26.8) | 109 (21.2) | 0.005 |
| Large (575–1100) | 2928 (23.7) | 2838 (23.9) | 90 (17.5) | 0.001 |
| Very large (>1100) | 3254 (26.3) | 3046 (25.7) | 208 (40.4) | <0.001 |
n: number of patients; SD: standard deviation; HAI: healthcare-associated infections; Significant p values are in bold.