Figure 1.

Comparison of serum levels of CMT-associated autoantibodies (AAbs) between CMT dogs and healthy controls. Serum levels of (A) TYMS-AAb, (B) IGFBP5-AAb, (C) HAPLN1-AAb, and (D) AGR2-AAb in dogs with malignant CMT (denoted MMT; left panels), which comprised the non-metastatic group (stage I, II, and III; denoted I/II/III; right panels) and the metastatic group (stage IV and V; denoted IV/V; right panels), were compared with those in the group of benign CMT (denoted BMT) or healthy controls. Results are presented in scatter dot plots, wherein each dot represents the serum AAb level in individual patients. The bar shown is the median. Statistical analysis was conducted with the Mann–Whitney U test. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.