Table 8.

Effects of rutin supplementation on the relative mRNA abundances of the intestinal cytokines of aged laying hens.

Items	Rutin, mg/kg			SEM	P-Value
	CON	500	1000
Jejunum
IL-1$\mathsf{\beta }$	1.00 ${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.32 ${}^{\mathrm{b}}$	0.43 ${}^{\mathrm{b}}$	0.10	0.004
TNF-$\mathsf{\alpha }$	1.00	0.85	0.87	0.08	0.741
IFN-$\mathsf{\gamma }$	1.00 ${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.29 ${}^{\mathrm{b}}$	0.41 ${}^{\mathrm{b}}$	0.09	0.000
IL-4	1.00 ${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.25 ${}^{\mathrm{b}}$	0.33 ${}^{\mathrm{b}}$	0.12	0.015
IL-10	1.00	1.02	1.06	0.03	0.785
Ileum
IL-1$\mathsf{\beta }$	1.00	0.93	1.12	0.05	0.312
TNF-$\mathsf{\alpha }$	1.00 ${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.66 ${}^{\mathrm{b}}$	0.70 ${}^{\mathrm{b}}$	0.05	0.005
IFN-$\mathsf{\gamma }$	1.00 ${}^{\mathrm{b}}$	1.46 ${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	1.42 ${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.07	0.006
IL-4	1.00 ${}^{\mathrm{b}}$	1.88 ${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	1.55 ${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.11	0.000
IL-10	1.00 ${}^{\mathrm{b}}$	1.32 ${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	1.27 ${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.05	0.004

^a,b Means with different superscripts within a row differ significantly (P < 0.05). One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data (means ± SEM).