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. 2022 Sep 18;11(9):1838. doi: 10.3390/antiox11091838

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Eugenol relieves oxidative stress by removing ROS. IPEC-J2 cells were pretreated with eugenol (200 μM) or NAC (5 mM) for 1 h and then infected with TGEV for 36 h. (A,B) The flow cytometry assays detecting ROS levels in IPEC-J2 cells; SSC means side scatter (n = 3). (C) The expression of Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA in IPEC-J2 cells were examined by RT-PCR (n = 3). (D) Protein abundance of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 in IPEC-J2 cells. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.