Table 1.

Chemoprevention of esophageal cancer with berries in animal models.

Berry Type	Animal Model	Endpoint	Findings	References
Black raspberries	NMBA-induced tumorigenesis	Esophageal SCC	Decreased tumor incidence and multiplicity; reduced pro-inflammatory mediators and ni-trosative stress; and suppressed PI3K/AKT and NFkB signaling	[38,39,40,42,51]
Strawberries	NMBA-induced tumorigenesis	Esophageal SCC	Decreased tumor incidence and multiplicity; and reduced DNA adduct formation	[31,56,57]
Black raspberries	Esophagoduodenal anastomosis (EDA) model	Esophageal reflux and AC	Increased the malondialdehyde concentration and MnSOD; and decreased total SOD activity, but without significance	[95,96,97]