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. 2022 Sep 6;11(9):1761. doi: 10.3390/antiox11091761

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Effects of withagenin A diglucoside (WAD) on cell viability and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were treated with WAD (25, 50, and 100 μM), U0126 (10 μM), and/or LY294002 (10 μM) for 24 h. Cells were treated with culture media containing 0.5% DMSO as vehicle controls: (A) The MTT assay assessed the viability of HUVECs. (B) Representative photographs of HUVEC tube formation on matrigel at 200× magnification. (C) The relative lengths of tubes were quantified using ImageJ software. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). n = 3, * p < 0.05 compared with the control.