Table 5.

Nutraceutical encapsulation by the carbohydrate-based delivery system.

Nutraceuticals	Encapsulating Materials	Encapsulation Techniques	Target	Reference
Catechin	Azivash (Corchorus olitorius L.) gum-polyvinyl alcohol	Electrospinning process	Simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid, EE%.	[131]
Hesperetin (HSP)	Nanofibers: Basil seed mucilage/polyvinylalcohol	Electrospinning	Characterization of nanofibers. Release models, EE%	[132]
Rutin	Quinoa and maize starch NPs	Ultrasonication	Characterization, EE%, simulated in vitro digestion.	[133]
Saffron Bioactive components	Nanoparticles: chitosan (CS) and gum arabic (GA)	Ionic gelation (IG)	Characterization NPs, EE%, Release of Saffron in acidic and natural media	[134]