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. 2022 Aug 24;10(9):2062. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10092062

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Concentration of cytokines through cultures of PBMCs derived from peripheral blood of the patient groups evaluated by CBA (cytometric bead array): Healthy control, RR (patients with relapse–remitting multiple sclerosis), SP (patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis). (A) IL-2, (B) IL-4, (C) IFN-γ, (D) IL-10, (E) IL-17, (F) TNF-α, and (G) IL-6. Rows represent the median. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-test, where * p < 0.05.