| CS | cigarette smoking |
| CSE | cigarette smoke extract |
| ECL | enhanced chemiluminescence |
| ES | electrical stimulation |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| HaCaT | human keratinocyte cell line |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinases |
| MC | microcurrent |
| MMP-1 | matrix metalloproteinase-1 |
| NFκB | nuclear factor kappa-B |
| PI3K-Akt | phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase |
| SRB | sulforhodamine B |
| TEP | transepithelial potential difference |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor beta |
| TIMP-2 | tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 |
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