Figure 3.

BACH1 deficiency attenuates oxidative damage from AFB₁ via upregulation of antioxidant factors. (A) Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified the oxidation –reduction process as significantly enriched with differentially upregulated genes in RNA-Seq data of BACH1-KO cells treated with AFB₁. (B) Heatmap of the relative expression levels of genes in the core enrichment subset of GSEA. (C) qPCR validation of RNA-Seq data showing differential mRNA expression of antioxidant genes in oxidation reduction. (D) Western blot analysis of HMOX1 in WT and BACH1-KO cells with and without AFB₁ exposure. (E) BACH1-KO cells exhibit lower levels of AFB₁-induced ROS. (F) Comparison of MDA levels induced by AFB₁ in WT and BACH1-KO cells. (G) H₂O₂-induced cell death in WT and BACH1-KO cells. *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. p values were determined with two-tailed Student’s t-tests. AFB₁, aflatoxin B₁; WT, wild-type; KO, knockout; RT-qPCR, Real-time quantitative PCR.