Table 4.
CGM parameters in the first, second, and third trimester. CGM parameters are shown for the whole cohort and separately for the LGA and no-LGA group. The data are presented as median and interquartile range and the difference in CGM parameters between the LGA and no-LGA group was tested with the Mann–Whitney U test (p-value). Statistically significant results are bolded.
| CGM Parameters | Total | LGA | no-LGA | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First trimester | ||||
| GMI/% | 6.4 (6.0–6.9) | 6.5 (6.0–7.0) | 6.3 (5.9–6.7) | 0.41 |
| Mean glucose/mmol/L | 7.2 (6.2–8.3) | 7.5 (6.2–8.7) | 6.9 (6.0–7.9) | 0.24 |
| TAR/% | 36.5 (25.0–48.7) | 39.5 (26.5–52.5) | 31.5 (23.2–44.5) | 0.18 |
| TIR/% | 55.0 (44.0–63.0) | 53.0 (41.7–59.2) | 56.5 (46.0–65.2) | 0.26 |
| TBR/% | 7.5 (3.2–16.0) | 6.5 (3.7–11.5) | 8.5 (3.0–18.5) | 0.56 |
| Very low glucose/% | 3.0 (1.0–8.0) | 2.0 (1.0–6.0) | 5.5 (1.0–9.0) | 0.27 |
| Very high glucose/% | 2.0 (1.0–7.5) | 3.0 (1.5–7.5) | 1.5 (1.0–8.2) | 0.50 |
| Second trimester | ||||
| GMI/% | 5.9 (5.7–6.2) | 6.0 (5.8–6.3) | 5.9 (5.5–6.2) | 0.09 |
| Mean glucose/mmol/L | 6.0 (5.6–6.7) | 6.3 (5.8–7.0) | 6.0 (5.1–6.7) | 0.09 |
| TAR/% | 20 (15.0–31.7) | 22.5 (18.7–33.7) | 17.5 (9.7–28.2) | 0.04 |
| TIR/% | 64 (54.2–68.7) | 64.5 (55.7–67.0) | 63.0 (53.7–69.5) | 0.98 |
| TBR/% | 10.0 (6.0–21.5) | 9.5 (6.0–15.0) | 14.0 (6.0–24.2) | 0.15 |
| Very low glucose/% | 5.0 (2.0–9.5) | 4.0 (2.0–7.5) | 7.0 (1.2–14.0) | 0.13 |
| Very high glucose/% | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 1.0 (0.0–1.5) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.36 |
| Third trimester | ||||
| GMI/% | 6.1 (5.6–6.3) | 6.3 (5.9–6.6) | 5.8 (5.4–6.3) | <0.01 |
| Mean glucose/mmol/L | 6.6 (5.5–7.1) | 7.0 (6.1–7.7) | 6.0 (5.2–7.0) | 0.01 |
| TAR/% | 26.0 (10.5–34.5) | 26.0 (19.0–47.0) | 19.0 (9.0–32.0) | 0.02 |
| TIR/% | 66.0 (56.5–73.5) | 66.0 (52.0–74.0) | 66.0 (57.0–72.2) | 0.81 |
| TBR/% | 6.0 (3.0–12.5) | 4.0 (3.0–8.0) | 10.0 (3.0–21.5) | 0.04 |
| Very low glucose/% | 2.0 (1.0–6.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 3.0 (0.5–11.5) | 0.19 |
| Very high glucose/% | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.18 |
Legend: CGM (continuous glucose monitoring), LGA (large-for-gestational-age neonates), no-LGA (pregnancies without LGA outcome), GMI (glucose management indicator), TAR (time-above-range), TIR (time-in-range), TBR (time-below-range). Very low glucose (time spent in very low glucose) is defined with % of time spent in very low glucose values < 3.0 mmol/L. Very high glucose (time spent in very high glucose) is defined with % of time spent in very high glucose values > 13.9 mmol/L.