Skip to main content
. 2022 Sep 14;10(9):2278. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10092278
PD Parkinson’s disease
DA Dopamine
NF-kB Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
DA neurons Dopaminergic neurons
MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
MPP+ 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine in ionic form
SNpc Substantia nigra pars compacta
NAC Non-beta-amyloid component
CNS Central nervous system
SNARE Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor
VAMP-2 Protein synaptobrevin-2
VMAT-2 Vesicular monoamine transporter-2
DAT Dopamine transporter
TH Tyrosine hydroxylase
VDAC Voltage-dependent anion channels
VTA Ventral tegmental area
CBD Corticobasal degeneration
IL-1β Interleukin-1β
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-10 Interleukin-10
IFN-γ Interferon gamma
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α
MAO-B Monoamine oxidase B
iNOS Inducible NO synthase
NO Nitric oxide
ONOO Peroxynitrite
COX2 Cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
AMPA α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
ROS Reactive oxygen species