PD |
Parkinson’s disease |
DA |
Dopamine |
NF-kB |
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
DA neurons |
Dopaminergic neurons |
MPTP |
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine |
MPP+ |
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine in ionic form |
SNpc |
Substantia nigra pars compacta |
NAC |
Non-beta-amyloid component |
CNS |
Central nervous system |
SNARE |
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor |
VAMP-2 |
Protein synaptobrevin-2 |
VMAT-2 |
Vesicular monoamine transporter-2 |
DAT |
Dopamine transporter |
TH |
Tyrosine hydroxylase |
VDAC |
Voltage-dependent anion channels |
VTA |
Ventral tegmental area |
CBD |
Corticobasal degeneration |
IL-1β |
Interleukin-1β |
IL-6 |
Interleukin-6 |
IL-10 |
Interleukin-10 |
IFN-γ |
Interferon gamma |
TNF-α |
Tumor necrosis factor-α |
MAO-B |
Monoamine oxidase B |
iNOS |
Inducible NO synthase |
NO |
Nitric oxide |
ONOO |
Peroxynitrite |
COX2 |
Cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme |
NMDA |
N-methyl-D-aspartate |
AMPA |
α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid |
ROS |
Reactive oxygen species |