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. 2022 Sep 8;10(9):2227. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10092227

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Schematic representations of (A) major mechanotransduction pathways and their downstream effects (B). Mechanoresponses of adipose derived stem cells (ASC), adipocytes, endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), and endothelial cells (EC) in situations of (1) altered matrix stiffness, (2) altered matrix composition, and (3) altered internal forces. Abbreviations: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR), transforming growth factor-β receptor (TGF-βR), Extracellular matrix (ECM), Ras homologous GTPase (Rho GTPase), Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), large tumor suppressor (LATS), small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD), yes-associated protein (YAP), transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), reactive oxygen species (ROS), white adipose tissue (WAT), smooth muscle cell (SMC), and focal adhesion (FA). Created with Biorender.com.