. 2022 Aug 1;11(16):e023663. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.023663

Table 2.

Methamphetamine Use and Multivariable Adjusted^* Hazards of CVD in HCUP‐CA

Outcome	Unadjusted incidence rates per 1000‐persons years		HR (95% CI)
All cardiovascular disease	Methamphetamine users	6.83	1.32 (1.27–1.38)
All cardiovascular disease	Nonusers	13.4	1.32 (1.27–1.38)
Heart failure	Methamphetamine users	4.52	1.53 (1.45–1.62)
Heart failure	Nonusers	8.47	1.53 (1.45–1.62)
MI	Methamphetamine users	1.42	1.19 (1.08–1.31)
MI	Nonusers	2.75	1.19 (1.08–1.31)
MINOCA	Methamphetamine users	0.26	0.82 (0.66–1.02)
MINOCA	Nonusers	0.41	0.82 (0.66–1.02)
MI + MINOCA	Methamphetamine users	1.59	1.10 (1.01–1.21)
MI + MINOCA	Nonusers	3.09	1.10 (1.01–1.21)
Pulmonary hypertension	Methamphetamine users	0.9	1.42 (1.26–1.60)
Pulmonary hypertension	Nonusers	1.63	1.42 (1.26–1.60)
Stroke	Methamphetamine users	1.7	1.12 (1.03–1.22)
Stroke	Nonusers	4.34	1.12 (1.03–1.22)

HCUP‐CA indicates Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project‐California; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; and MINOCA, myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries.

Covariates in the multivariable model included age, sex, race, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, depression, smoking status, health‐payer status, socioeconomic status, and cocaine and alcohol use.