Table 1.
Summary of the location of the dorsoventral tip of the intracerebral electrodes.
| EEG Cohort Atlas-Based % (n) |
MRI Cohort Atlas-Based without MRI Guidance % (n) |
MRI Cohort with MRI Guidance % (n) |
EEG and MRI Cohorts % (n) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sham | TBI | All | Sham | TBI | All | Sham | TBI | All | Sham | TBI | All | |
| Anterior cortical electrode | ||||||||||||
| Within 1 mm of target coordinate # | 29% (4/14) | 26% (11/43) | 26% (15/57) | 100% (11/11) | 100% (31/31) | 100% (42/42) | 55% (6/11) | 32% (10/31) | 38% (16/42) | 42% (10/25) | 28% (21/74) | 31% (31/99) |
| In cortex | 79% (11/14) | 84% (36/43) | 83% (47/57) | 100% (11/11) | 32% (10/31) | 50% (21/42) | 73% * (8/11) | 77% *** (24/31) | 76% (32/42) | 76% (19/25) | 81% (60/74) | 78% (79/99) |
| In brain | 100% (14/14) | 100% (43/43) | 100% (57/57) | 100% (11/11) | 52% (16/31) | 64% (27/42) | 100% (11/11) | 100% *** (31/31) | 100% (42/42) | 100% (25/25) | 100% (74/74) | 100% (99/99) |
| Not recording in brain | 0% (0/14) | 0% (0/43) | 0% (0/57) | 0% (0/111) | 48% (15/31) | 36% (15/42) | 0% (0/11) | 0% *** (0/31) | 0% (0/42) | 0% (0/25) | 0% (0/74) | 0% (0/99) |
| Hippocampal electrode | ||||||||||||
| Within 1 mm of target coordinate # | 93% (13/14) | 77% (33/43) | 81% (46/57) | 100% (11/11) | 100% (31/31) | 100% (42/42) | 82% (9/11) | 52% (16/31) | 60% (25/42) | 88% (22/25) | 66% (49/74) | 72% (71/99) |
| In hippocampus proper/DG | 86% (12/14) | 81% (35/43) | 82% (47/57) | 100% (11/11) | 100% (31/31) | 100% (42/42) | 100% (11/11) | 81% * (25/31) | 86% (36/42) | 92% (23/25) | 81% (60/74) | 84% (83/99) |
| In brain | 93% (13/14) | 93% (41/43) | 95% (54/57) | 100% (11/11) | 100% (31/31) | 100% (42/42) | 100% (11/11) | 84% * (26/31) | 88% (37/42) | 96% (24/25) | 91% (67/74) | 92% (91/99) |
| Not recording in brain | 7% (1/14) | 5% (2/43) | 5% (3/57) | 0% (0/111) | 0% (0/31) | 0% (42/42) | 0% (0/11) | 16% * (5/39) | 12% (5/42) | 28% (7/25) | 10% (7/74) | 8% (8/99) |
| Posterior cortical electrode | ||||||||||||
| Within 1 mm of target coordinate # | 43% (6/14) | 51% (20/39) | 49% (26/53) | 100% (11/11) | 100% (31/31) | 100% (42/42) | 36% (4/11) | 21% (6/29) | 25% (10/40) | 40% (10/25) | 38% (26/68) | 41% (38/93) |
| In cortex | 21% (3/14) | 46% (18/39) | 40% (21/53) | 91% (10/11) | 42% (13/31) | 55% (23/42) | 46% * (5/11) | 66% * (19/29) | 60% (24/40) | 32% (8/25) | 54% (37/68) | 48% (45/93) |
| In brain | 100% (14/14) | 97% (34/35) | 90% (48/53) | 100% (11/11) | 42% (13/31) | 57% (24/42) | 100% (11/11) | 93% *** (27/29) | 95% (38/40) | 100% (25/25) | 90% (61/68) | 92% (86/93) |
| Not recording in brain | 0% (0/14) | 13% (5/39) | 10% (5/53) | 0% (0/11) | 58% (18/31) | 43% (18/42) | 0% (0//11) | 7% *** (2/29) | 5% (2/40) | 0% (0/25) | 10% (7/68) | 8% (7/93) |
# Within <1 mm radius from the atlas-planned anteroposterior and mediolateral coordinate. The success rate was evaluated based on the location of the lower tip of bipolar electrode. Abbreviations: DG, dentate gyrus. Statistical significance: * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001 compared to MRI cohort atlas-based without MRI guidance (ꭕ2 test).