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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
(a) Grid independence study and validation for a number of cells with normalized vertical force as a parameter of study for each stroke cycle; (b) time-step independence study and temporal evolution of mean lift as a parameter of study for different time-step in each stroke cycle.