Table 1.

Characteristics of Included Randomized Controlled Trials of Adults With COVID‐19

Trial name	Country	Inclusion criteria	Intervention	Control	No.	Follow‐up, d
ACEI‐COVID 9	Germany; Austria	Symptomatic COVID‐19 ACEI/ARB use before admission Hemodynamically stable	Continue ACEI/ARB	Discontinue ACEI/ARB	204	30
BRACE CORONA 7	Brazil	Hospitalization with COVID‐19 ACEI/ARB use before admission	Continue ACEI/ARB	Discontinue ACEI/ARB	659	30
RAAS‐COVID 15	Canada	Hospitalization with COVID‐19 ACEI/ARB use before admission	Continue ACEI/ARB	Discontinue ACEI/ARB	46	30
REPLACE‐COVID 8	United States, Canada, Mexico, Sweden, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina	Hospitalization with COVID‐19 ACEI/ARB use before admission	Continue ACEI/ARB	Discontinue ACEI/ARB	152	5
SWITCH‐COVID	Brazil	Hospitalization with COVID‐19 Hypertension requiring ACEI/ARB use before admission	Continue ACEI/ARB	Discontinue ACEI/ARB	18	30
ALPS‐COVID IP 14	United States	Hospitalization with a respiratory SOFA ≥1 and increased oxygen requirement compared with baseline among those on home O2	Losartan	Placebo	205	28
ALPS‐COVID OP 13	United States	Outpatients not requiring hospitalization Symptomatic (within 24 h of informed consent)	Losartan	Placebo	117	28
ARB use to minimize progression to respiratory failure 11	United States	Mild to moderate hypoxia SpO2<96% on ≥L/min O2 by nasal cannula but not requiring mechanical ventilation	Losartan	Standard care	31	10
COVERAGE‐France	France	No indication for hospitalization or acute oxygen therapy Age ≥60 years or 50 to 59 years with At least 1 of the following risk factors: hypertension, obesity, diabetes, CAD, CCF, stroke, COPD, CKD, solid tumors, or malignant blood diseases that are progressive or were diagnosed <5 years ago or immunodeficiency	Telmisartan	Vitamin supplement	69	14
COVID MED	United States	Hospitalized patients	Losartan	Placebo	12	30
Evaluation of the effect of losartan in COVID‐19 12	Iran	Hospitalized patients Hypertension: systolic BP 130 to 140 mm Hg and diastolic BP 85 to 90 mm Hg who were managed by nonpharmacological strategies or were newly diagnosed	Losartan	Amlodipine	80	30
PRAETORIAN‐COVID	The Netherlands	Hospitalized patients	Valsartan	Placebo	23	14
STAR‐COVID	Mexico	Hospitalized with hypoxic respiratory failure: SpO2≤94% on room air or tachypnea (respiratory rate≥22 breaths/min)	Telmisartan	Standard care	64	30
Telmisartan for treatment of patients with COVID‐19 10	Argentina	Hospitalization with COVID‐19 Symptomatic COVID‐19	Telmisartan	Standard care	141	30

ACEI indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ACEI‐COVID, the stopping ACE‐inhibitors in COVID‐19 trial; ALPS‐COVID OP, angiotensin receptor blocker based lung protective strategy for COVID‐19 outpatient trial; ALPS‐COVIDIP, Angiotensin receptor blocker based lung protective strategy for COVID‐19inpatient trial; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; BRACE CORONA, blockers of angiotensin receptor and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors suspension in hospitalized patients with coronavirus infection; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCF, congestive cardiac failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVERAGE‐France, randomized trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of outpatient treatments to reduce the risk of worsening in individuals with COVID‐19 with risk factors; COVID MED, comparison of therapeutics for hospitalized patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2; PRAETORIAN‐COVID, randomized clinical trial with valsartan for prevention of acute respiratory distress syndrome in hospitalized patients with SARS‐COV‐2 Infection Disease; RAAS‐COVID, renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors in COVID‐19; REPLACE COVID, the randomized elimination or prolongation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in coronavirus disease 2019; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; STAR‐COVID, telmisartanin respiratory failure due to COVID‐19; and SWITCH‐COVID, switch of renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors in patients with COVID‐19.