Table 1.
Contemporary studies on endoscopic treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
| Author | Year | Number of Patients | Approach | Ablative Energy | Median Follow Up (Months) |
Upper Tract Recurrence (%) |
Progression to RNU (%) |
CSS | OS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nita et al. [22] | 2012 | 65 | Retrograde: 47 Percutaneous: 18 |
Nd: YAG | 60.0 | 47.7 | 27.7 | ||
| Vemana et al. [23] | 2016 | 151 | Retrograde/percutaneous | Ho: YAG Thu: YAG |
43.0 | 53.0 | 5Y: 88% | ||
| Motamedinia et al. [24] | 2016 | 141 | Percutaneous | Resection | 66.0 | 35.0 | 14.0 | NA | LG: 126 months HG: 59.6 months |
| Scotland et al. [25] | 2018 | 80 | Retrograde | Ho: YAG Nd: YAG |
44.3 | 90.5 | 20.0 | 5Y 84.0% | 5Y 75.0% |
| Musi et al. [27] | 2018 | 42 | Retrograde | Thu: YAG | 26.3 | 19.0 | 9.5 | ||
| Defidio et al. [26] | 2019 | 101 | Retrograde | Ho: YAG Thu: YAG |
28.7 | 30.7 | 8.9 | ||
| Bozzini et al. [28] | 2020 | 47 | Retrograde | Thu: YAG | 11.7 | 19.2 | NA | ||
| Scotland et al. [21] | 2020 | 168 | Retrograde | Ho: YAG Nd: YAG |
66.0 | 71.4 | 29.8 | 5Y 92.6% | 5Y 80.9% |
| Sanguedolce et al. [30] | 2021 | 47 | Retrograde: 45 Percutaneous: 2 |
Ho: YAG Thu: YAG |
24.0 | 28.3 | 17.0 | Median 24.5 months | Median 24 months |
RNU, radical nephroureterectomy; CSS, cancer-specific survival; OS, overall survival; Nd, neodymium; YAG, yttrium-aluminum-garnet; Ho, holmium; Thu, thulium; NA, not applicable; LG, low grade; HG, high grade; 5Y, 5 years.