Table 2.

Concurrent studies on intraluminal therapy.

Author	Year	Agent	Purpose	Approach	No. of Renal Units	Mean Follow Up (Months)	Recurrence (%)
Kojima et al. [33]	2006	BCG	Primary therapy for CIS	Double-J stent	13	51	38
Katz et al. [34]	2007	BCG+IFN	Adjuvant therapy	Retrograde ureteral catheter	8	35	13
	2007	BCG+IFN	Primary therapy for CIS	Retrograde ureteral catheter	3	24	33
Rastinehad et al. [35]	2009	BCG	Adjuvant therapy	Antegrade nephrostomy	50	61	36
Giannarini et al. [30]	2011	BCG	Adjuvant therapy	Antegrade nephrostomy	22	41	59
	2011	BCG	Primary therapy for CIS	Antegrade nephrostomy	42	41	40
Shapiro et al. [36]	2012	BCG	Primary therapy for CIS	Retrograde ureteral catheter	11	14	18
Aboumarzouk et al. [37]	2013	MMC	Adjuvant therapy	Retrograde ureteral catheter	20	24	35
Metcalfe et al. [32]	2017	MMC	Adjuvant therapy	Antegrade nephrostomy/ Retrograde ureteral catheter	28	19	39

BCG, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin; CIS, carcinoma in situ; IFN, interferon; MMC, mitomycin C.