Figure 1.

Select β-blockers elevate 7-DHC (A) and reduce DES (B) levels in vitro. Neuro2a, HepG2, primary neurons and astroglia were treated with 1 µM of six β-blockers or vehicle in cholesterol-free defined media for 48 h (Neuro2a and HepG2) or 6 days (neurons and astroglia). 7-DHC levels were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The y-axes have different scales for visualization purposes. Note that NEB, MTP, and LAB robustly and significantly increase 7-DHC in all cell types. Values reported as mean ± SEM over vehicle-treated control; statistical significance: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.