Table 2.
Characteristics and outcomes of included experimental studies.
| Study details | Subjects | Methodological details | Outcomes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study Publication Type | Sport level | Sex | Group n | Age (years) | Age from PHV (years) | Agility test Stimuli ATa and RTb separated | Treatment | Main findings |
| (79) Journal article |
Athletics, basketball, handball, soccer, table tennis Competitive |
mx | IG = 11 CG = 11 |
13.8 ± 1.7 for entire sample | Not assessed | Y-shaped Human No |
12 weeks BATAK Pro™ training, twice a week | The BATAK Pro™ training program did not elicit statistically significant changes in agility performance. |
| (56) Journal article |
Soccer Second division |
m | IG = 24 | 17.8 ± 0.7 | Not assessed | SpeedCourt Generic No |
7 weeks SpeedCourt training, once a week | Significant differences between pre and post measurements were observed in AT left and AT right (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.54, d = 0.86; p <0.001, η2 = 0.73, d = 1.22, respectively). |
| (57) Journal article |
Soccer Second division |
m |
n = 19 IG = ? CG = ? |
14 ± 0.6 for entire sample | Not assessed | SpeedCourt Generic No |
3 weeks repeated multi-directional sprint training (IG) or repeated shuttle sprints (CG), twice a week | IG improved agility performance compared to pre-test values (p <0.01, g = 1.03) and compared to CG (p = 0.01, g = 1.29). |
| (58) Journal article |
Soccer First division |
m | IG1 = 11 IG2 = 11 CG = 10 |
14.5 ± 0.9 for entire sample | Not assessed | Y-shape, with and without ball dribbling Human No |
Agility (IG1) or CODS (IG2) training for 6 weeks, twice a week | A significant group effect was observed for AT with and without the ball (F = 10.35, p <0.01, η2 = large; F = 15.86, p <0.01, η2 = large, respectively). Group differences in post-test values of AT with (p <0.05) and without ball (p <0.05) were evident in IG1. Improvements of AT with and without ball were higher in IG1 than in IG2 (−7.73 ± 2.66%, d = 2.99; −9.37 ± 3.93%, d = 2.28 vs. −5.00 ± 1.26%, d = 1.03; −4.59 ± 3.43%, d = 1.09, respectively). |
| (53) Journal article |
Soccer First division |
m | IG1 = 12 IG2 = 12 CG = 12 |
14.2 ± 0.9 for entire sample | ? | Y-shape, with and without ball dribbling Human No |
SSG (IG1) or CODS (IG2) training for 6 weeks, 3 times per week | Significant main effects for time and groups were evident for AT with and without ball. Significantly higher improvements in AT with ball were found in IG1 compared with IG2 (p ≤ 0.05) and CG (p <0.01). |
| (62) Journal article |
Soccer Highly trained |
m | IG1 = 18 IG2 = 16 |
13.2 ± 1.2 13.4 ± 0.8 |
Not assessed | Y-shape Generic No |
6 weeks flywheel eccentric overload training (IG1) or reactive strength training (IG2), twice a week | Significant differences over time and an interaction effect were observed in AT [F(1, 40) = 42.88, p <0.001, η2 = 0.52; F(1, 40) = 8.0, p <0.01, η2 = 0.17, respectively]. |
| Study Publication Type | Sport level | Sex | Group n | Age (years) | Age from PHV (years) | Agility test Stimuli ATa and RTb separated | Treatment | Main findings |
| (63) Journal article |
Rugby union ? |
m | IG1 = 10 IG2 = 10 CG = 10 |
14.6 ± 1.09 for entire sample | Not assessed | 1 vs. 1 agility test Human Yes |
Watching training videos with implicit (IG1) or explicit (IG2) information, single training session | A significant time effect was observed in RT [F(1, 25) = 7.40, p =0.012]. No interaction effect was evident. Post-hoc comparisons revealed significant differences in RT from pre to post in IG1 and IG2 [F(1, 25) = 5.27, p =0.030; F(1, 25) = 4.30, p = 0.049, respectively] but not in CG (p > 0.05). |
| (74) Journal article |
Badminton ? |
mx | IG = 10 | Junior high school | Not assessed | Visual reaction system for badminton Generic Yes |
3 weeks of footwork drills, 3 times per week | Visual reaction time but not AT significantly improved after 9 sessions of footwork drills (t = 4.09, p <0.05; t = 1.71, p > 0.05, respectively). |
| (55) Journal article |
Soccer Highest youth division |
m | IG = 18 CG = 16 |
14.4 ± 0.4 14.4 ± 0.5 |
Not assessed | Y-shaped Human No |
6 weeks of video-based training, twice per week | A significant main effect of time and a time × group interaction for AT was observed [F(1, 32) = 12.1, p <0.001; F(1, 32) = 4.4, p <0.05, respectively]. IG improved significantly in AT (p = 0.001) but not in the CG (p > 0.05). |
| (50) Journal article |
Soccer Second division |
f | IG1 = 9 IG2 = 10 |
19.0 ± 0.5 19.6 ± 0.5 |
Not assessed | Modified 20-m shuttle run Video No |
5 weeks of resistance training on an unstable (IG1) or stable surface (IG2), 3 times per week | A significant main effect for time was found for AT (p <0.001). Both groups performed post-training significantly faster in the agility test (p <0.001). |
| (49) Journal article |
Rugby league football High development level |
m | IG = 8 CG = 7 |
18–19 for entire sample | Not assessed | Y-shape Video Yes |
3 weeks of agility drills with concurrent video training, twice per week | Agility performance and perception and response time was significantly improved in the IG (p <0.05) but not in the CG. |
| (60) Journal article |
Soccer Sub-elite |
? | IG = 20 CG = 15 |
10.5 ± 0.3 10.7 ± 0.2 |
−2.58 ± 0.2 −2.48 ± 0.1 |
Y-shape Human No |
SAQ training for 12 weeks, twice per week | An interaction effect was evident in AT [F(1, 33) = 4.74, p <0.05, η2 = 0.12]. Improvements in agility performance were higher in IG compared to the CG (ES = 0.8, ES = 0.2, respectively). |
| (54) Journal article |
Australian rules football Highest junior competition |
m | IG1 = 13 IG2 = 12 |
17.5 ± 0.8 17.3 ± 0.5 |
Not assessed | Y-shape Video Yes |
11 sessions of SSG (IG1) or CODS (IG2) training within a 7-week period | Group × time interactions were observed for AT (p <0.05) and RT (p <0.01). AT and RT were significantly improved after the training period in IG1 but not in IG2 (p <0.01, d = 0.93; p <0.001, d = 2.32; p > 0.05, d = 0; p > 0.05, d = 0.16, respectively). |
| Study Publication Type | Sport level | Sex | Group n | Age (years) | Age from PHV (years) | Agility test Stimuli ATa and RTb separated | Treatment | Main findings |
| (70) Journal article |
Soccer Elite |
m | IG = 10 CG = 10 |
17.7 ± 0.4 16.8 ± 0.7 |
Not assessed | 180° turn agility test Generic Yes |
6 weeks of neuromuscular training, twice per week | A significant group × time interaction was evident for agility movement time (p <0.05, d = 0.33). Post hoc tests revealed significant improvements in IG (p <0.05, d = 0.97) but not in CG (p > 0.05). |
AT, agility time; CG, control group; CODS, change-of-direction speed; ES, effect size; f, female; IG, intervention group; m, male; mx, mixed group of both sexes; PHV, peak height velocity; RT, response time; SAQ, speed, agility, and quickness; SSG, small-sided games; ?, information not provided.
a
Time to fully complete the agility test.
b
Timeframe from the onset of the stimulus until the initiation of the response movement.