Table 3.
Overview of training programs and respective outcomes.
| n | Training program | Study | Specificity level | Pre-post changes (%) | Change in agility performance (ES, 95% CI) | Age (years) | Control group | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Agility drills | (58) | Higha | −9.4 | ↑ 2.28 [1.21, 3.35]* | 14.5 ± 0.9 | Yes | CG significantly improved |
| 1 | Agility and video training | (49) | −5.8* | ↑ 0.69* [−0.32, 1.70]* | 18–19 | Yes | RT significantly improved | |
| 1 | Neuromuscular training | (70) | −4.7* | ↑ 0.85* [−0.07, 1.77]* | 17.7 ± 0.4 | Yes | Only generic test stimuli, no significant improvement in RT | |
| 1 | SAQ training | (60) | −4.2 | ↑ 0.8 [0.16, 1.44]* | 10.5 ± 0.3 | Yes | ||
| 2 | Small-sided games | (53) | −4.8* | ↑ 1.38* [0.49, 2.27]* | 14.2 ± 0.9 | Yes | CG significantly improved | |
| (54) | −3.8 | ↑ 0.93 [0.12, 1.74]* | 17.5 ± 0.8 | No | RT significantly improved | |||
| 1 | BATAK Pro™ training | (79) | Moderateb | 2.5 | → | 13.8 ± 1.7 | Yes | |
| 1 | Footwork drills | (74) | −14.4* | → | JHS | No | RT significantly improved | |
| 2 | SpeedCourt training | (56) | −5.9 to −10.5* | ↑ 0.86 to 1.22 [0.27, 1.84]* | 17.8 ± 0.7 | No | ||
| (57) | −9.9 | ↑ 1.03 [0.07, 1.99]* | 14.0 ± 0.6 | Yes | ||||
| 3 | Video-based training | (55) | −12.6 | ↑ 0.85* [0.17, 1.58]* | 14.4 ± 0.4 | Yes | ||
| (Explicit cues) | (63) | −19.1 | ↑ 0.28 [−0.60, 1.16]* | 14.6 ± 1.1 | Yes | Outcome measure is RT | ||
| (Implicit cues) | (63) | −15.7 | ↑ 0.33 [−0.55, 1.21]* | 14.6 ± 1.1 | Yes | Outcome measure is RT | ||
| 3 | COD drills | (58) | Lowc | −4.6 | ↑ 1.09 [0.19, 1.99]* | 14.5 ± 0.9 | Yes | CG significantly improved |
| (53) | −3.6* | ↑ 0.57* [−0.25, 1.39]* | 14.2 ± 0.9 | Yes | CG significantly improved | |||
| (54) | 0 | → | 17.3 ± 0.5 | No | ||||
| 1 | Flywheel eccentric training | (62) | −9.1* | ↑ 1.86* [1.08, 2.64]* | 13.2 ± 1.2 | No | ||
| 1 | Reactive strength training | (62) | −2.9* | → | 13.4 ± 0.8 | No | ||
| 1 | Repeated shuttle sprints | (57) | −2.2 | → | 14.0 ± 0.6 | No | This group served as CG | |
| 1 | Resistance training | (50) | −6.6* | ↑ 0.96* [0.03, 1.89]* | 19.6 ± 0.5 | No | ||
| 1 | Unstable resistance training | (50) | −7.7* | ↑ 1.00* [0.02, 1.98]* | 19.0 ± 0.5 | No |
CG, control group; COD, change-of-direction; ES, effect size; JHS, junior high school; RT, response time; SAQ, speed, agility, and quickness; ↑, significant improvement; → , no significant change.
a
Training involves unplanned movements and anticipative elements.
b
Training involves either unplanned movements or anticipative elements.
c
Training involves neither unplanned movements nor anticipative elements.
*
Post-hoc calculated by the authors.