Table 1.
Main prognostic, predictive and therapeutic biomarkers in EGFR-mutant lung cancer.
| Biomarker Type | NcRNA | Expression | Cancer Type | Biological Function or Role | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prognostic biomarker | microRNA-128b | ↓ | NSCLC (tissue) | Suppressing EGFR expression; a microRNA-128b LOH confers better OS of EGFR-mutant patients (p = 0.02) | [94] |
| miR-608 miR-4513 |
↓ | LUAD (tissue) | Enhancing gefitinib sensitivity in H1299 and PC9 cells; overexpression of miR-608 and miR-4513 indicates a better PFS (HR = 0.63 and 0.46, respectively) (p < 0.01) | [93] | |
| lncRNA H19 | ↓ | NSCLC (tissue) | Promoting erlotinib resistance by enhancing the AKT phosphorylation; overexpression of lncRNA H19 indicates an extended PFS (p = 0.021) in EGFR-mutated patients | [40] | |
| circ_0004015 | ↑ | NSCLC (tissue) | Alleviating the inhibition of miR-1183 to promote gefitinib resistance; overexpression of hsa_circ_0004015 indicates a worse OS (p < 0.05) | [95] | |
| Predictive biomarker | miR-7 | ↓ | NSCLC (serum) | Promoting gefitinib sensitivity by targeting YAP; upregulation of miR-7 significantly correlates with gefitinib sensitivity (p < 0.0001) | [99] |
| miR-184 miR-3913-5p |
↑ | NSCLC (serum) | Promoting osimertinib resistance; patients with EGFR exon 21 L858R: AUC = 0.736 (miR-184) and 0.759 (miR-3913-5p) | [102] | |
| miR-195, miR-122, miR-125, miR-21, miR-25 | ↑ | NSCLC (tissue & plasma) | Promoting gefitinib resistance; AUC = 0.869 (model including these miRNAs) | [101] | |
| lncRNA CCAT1 | ↑ | NSCLC (tissue) | Promoting gefitinib resistance by sponging miR-218; upregulation of CCAT1 significantly correlates with gefitinib resistance (p < 0.001) | [97] | |
| lncRNA HOTAIR | ↓ | NSCLC (tissue) | Promoting EGFR-TKI sensitivity by modulating EMT; downregulation of HOTAIR significantly correlates with EGFR TKI resistance (p = 0.0046, acquired resistance; p = 0.0097, primary resistance) | [83] | |
| circRNA_102481 | ↑ | NSCLC (serum) | Promoting EGFR TKI resistance via the microRNA-30a-5p/ROR1 axis; upregulation of circRNA_102481 significantly correlates with EGFR TKI resistance (p = 0.025) | [90] | |
| Therapeutic biomarker | miR-147b | ↑ | NSCLC (tissue) | Therapy target of miR-147b-related TCA cycle dysfunction | [104] |
| miR-150 | ↓ | LUAD (tissue) | Therapy target of the miR-150/NOTCH3/COL1A1 pathway | [103] | |
| miR-483-3p | ↓ | NSCLC (cell line) | Therapy target for inhibiting integrin beta3 and thus repressing the FAK/Erk pathway | [91] | |
| miR-30a-5p | ↓ | NSCLC (cell line) | Therapy target for inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway | [112] | |
| lncRNA APCDD1L-AS1 | ↑ | LUAD (cell line) | Therapy target for the miR-1322/miR-1972/miR-324-3p-SIRT5 pathway | [108] | |
| lncRNA BLACAT1 | ↑ | NSCLC (cell line) | Therapy target for regulating the STAT3 signaling pathway | [109] | |
| lncRNA RHPN1-AS1 |
↓ | NSCLC (tissue) | Therapy target for inhibiting the miR-299-3p/TNFSF12 pathway | [110] | |
| circRNA C190 | ↑ | NSCLC (tissue) | Therapy target for the EGFR/MAPK/ERK pathway | [61] | |
| circASK1 | ↓ | LUAD (tissue) | Therapy target for activating the ASK1/JNK/p38 pathway | [111] |
The “↑” for upregulation and the “↓” for downregulation. Abbreviations: Area under the curve (AUC); Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT); Hazard ratio (HR); Loss of heterozygosity (LOH); Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD); Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); Overall survival (OS).