The phenotype of AtPdBG4 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and diffusion of free GFP in leaf epidermal cells. (A–D) Silencing and overexpression of AtPdBG4 in A. thaliana changed the phenotype of leaf trichomes. (E–H) Extreme representative picture of transient-expressed free GFP distribution among leaf epidermal cells in WT (E), AtPdBG4 mutant (F), RNAi transgenic (G), and OE transgenic (H) Arabidopsis thaliana epidermal cells. Bar = 30 µm. (I) Boxplot diagram of GFP cluster sizes in WT, Atpdbg4, AtPdBG4 RNAi, and AtPdBG4 OE materials (determined by the number of cells in the cluster) 48 h after bombardment. The boxplot shows that the line in the middle of the box is the median value, and the median values of the WT, Atpdbg4, AtPdBG4 RNAi, and AtPdBG4 OE materials are 12, 6, 9, and 15, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA based on R. * indicates p < 0.05; ** indicates p < 0.01.