Figure 1.

Patient recruitment. 45 hospitalised, non-ICU patients with COVID-19 were recruited from the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham from January to March 2021 alongside 26 age matched controls (AMC) and 26 hospitalised patients with non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Four COVID-19 patients were excluded, and 12 patients were re-sampled on days three to five post original sample. A second cohort of 18 COVID-19 patients was recruited between August 2021 and January 2022 for PI3K inhibitor studies. Blood was taken within 48 h of admission, and neutrophils were isolated by Percol density gradient centrifugation. Functional experiments including phagocytosis, NETosis, and phenotype were performed.