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. 2022 Sep 16;11(18):2901. doi: 10.3390/cells11182901

Figure 3.

Figure 3

NETosis in COVID-19. (A) NET release by neutrophils stimulated with PMA for 3 h, measured as the absorbance of cfDNA stained with Sytox green. Data shows a fold change in absorbance of PMA stimulated neutrophils compared to vehicle control. * p = 0.0394 AMC (n = 26) vs. COVID-19 (n = 33), CAP (n = 17). (B) Comparison of NET release by activated neutrophils in patients with low 4C (n = 8) or high 4C (n = 26) score, * p = 0.0118. There was no difference between CAP patients differentiated by curb65 score. (C) Plasma cell free DNA levels measured by fluorometry in AMC * p = 0.0396 AMC (n = 23) vs. COVID-19 (n = 39), * p = 0.0322 AMC vs. CAP (n = 26). (D) Comparison of cfDNA levels measured by fluorometry in COVID-19 (n = 10) on day one and on days three to five. * p = 0.0186. (E) % DNA degradation by serum NETs. *** p < 0.0001 AMC (n = 24) vs. COVID-19 (n = 40), *** p = 0.0001 AMC vs. CAP (n = 26).