Table 1.
Recruited patient demographics, collected at the time of enrolment. WCC- white cell count; CRP- C-reactive protein; NLR—neutrophil lymphocyte ratio; NEWS2—National Early Warning Score 2, data collected was worst score in the 24 h after admission; HS Troponin I—high sensitivity troponin I; qSOFA—quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment Score; CURB-65-Mortality in community acquired pneumonia. Comparisons were calculated between cohorts of COVID-19 patients and AMC, CAP or COVID-19 PI3K patients. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001, *** p < 0.0001. Normally distributed result shown with mean (SEM), not normally distributed shown with median (IQR Q1–Q3). Other comorbidities were included if they caused a significant impact on patient quality of life or regular medication—this included but was not limited to severe peripheral vascular disease with ulceration, dementia, chronic kidney disease, stroke, childhood polio, obesity, diverticulosis, alcohol related liver disease, or rheumatoid arthritis.
| AMC n = 26 |
COVID-19 n = 41 |
CAP n = 26 |
COVID-19 Pi3K n = 18 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male:Female | 10:16 | 26:15 | 15:11 | 9:9 |
| White:Non-white | 24:2 | 31:10 | 23:3 | 13:5 |
| Died (%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (24%) | 2 (8%) | 5 (28%) |
| Age | 70 (61.0–78.0) | 71.5 (58.0–84.0) | 67.5 (54.5–85.0) | 70.7 (51.0–83.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (24.2–32.8) | 27.9 (23.3–41.1) | 30.1 (23.2–27.2) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Cardiovascular | 4 (15.3%) | 12 (29.3%) | 7 (26.9%) | 7 (38.9%) |
| Respiratory | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 4 (15.4%) | 2 (11.1%) |
| Endocrine | 10 (38.4%) | 16 (39.0%) | 3 (11.5%)* | 9 (50.0%) |
| Hypertension | 13 (50%) | 19 (46.3%) | 10 (38.5%) | 9 (50.0%) |
| Other | 11 (42.3%) | 24 (58.5%) | 15 (57.7%) | 8 (44.4%) |
| WCC (×109/L) | 8.2 (6.3–12.0) | 13.4 (10.7–16.4) *** | 7.6 (4.6–11.9) | |
| Neutrophils (×109/L) | 6.4 (4.4–8.6) | 11.2 (7.8–13.6) ** | 5.8 (2.9–9.4) | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 103.0 (63.0–165.0) | 119.0 (42.0–396.0) | 74 (24.3–161.3) | |
| NLR | 5.4 (3.8–10.8) | 8.5 (5.9–52.7) | 6.3 (2.4–10.2) | |
| Worst NEWS2 | 6.0 (5.0–7.0) | 5.0 (3.0–12.0) | 6.0 (3.0–8.0) | |
| HS Troponin I (ng/L) | 14.5 (5.0–31.3) | 17.5 (4.0–318.0) | 7.0 (4.0–31.5) | |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 382.0 (218.0–829.5) | 659.0 (270.5–1510.0) | 493.0 (247.0–890.0) | |
| Ferritin (ug/L) | 1082 (428.3–1525.0) | 110.0 (78.8–225.3) * | 251.5 (185.8–1230.3) | |
| Vitamin D (nmol/L) | 35.6 (23.0–51.8) | 45.3 (23.8–73.2) | 36.6 (22.6–60.1) | |
| Dexamethasone | 38 (92.6%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (55.6%) * | |
| Admission | ||||
| 4C | 12.0 (9.0–14.0) | 13 (11.0–15.8) | ||
| qSOFA | 1.0 (1.0–1.5) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | |
| CURB-65 | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (2.0–2.0) | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | |
| Length of stay (days) | 5.5 (3.0–12.0) | 4 (3.0–7.5) | 6.5 (3.3–14.8) |