CM-specific depletion of VGLL4 does not affect CM size: (A) wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-stained myocardium. Scale bar = 50 µm; (B) CM cross-sectional area. In each heart, 100–150 CMs were measured, and their average values are presented. A and B, heart sections from female mice were used. For each group, N = 4; (C) bright-field images of isolated CMs. Scale bar = 100 µm; (D,E) CM area, width, and length. Both female (D) and male (E) mice were included in this analysis. Average values of 150 isolated CMs from each dissociated heart are presented. For each group, N = 4; (F) qRT-PCR measurement of Ccn1 (Cyr61) and Ccn2 (Ctgf). Total RNA extracted from isolated CMs was used for qRT-PCR. mRNA levels were normalized to Gapdh. Student’s t-test: * p < 0.05. N = 4; (G) diagram summary of the main findings of this study. Arrows indicate activation. Blunt-ended lines indicate suppression.