Table 1.

Localization and function of PepT2.

Tissue	Localization	Species	Function	References
Brain	the apical membrane of epithelial cells of the choroid plexus	Human, Rat, Mouse	responsible for the uptake of carnosine from cerebrospinal fluid	[17,19,20,36,37];
Reproductive organ	reproductive organs including testis, prostate, ovary and uterus	Rat, Mouse	absorption of di- and tri-peptides and peptidomimetic drugs in reproductive organ	[9,38]
Spleen	splenic lymphocytes and macrophages	Mouse, Human	mediate the innate immune response to bacterially produced chemotactic peptidomimetics in the spleen, especially macrophages	[31]
Kidney	brush border membrane of the epithelial cells in the proximal tubule	Human, Rat, Mouse, Rabbit	tubular reabsorption of carnosine into epithelial cells	[10,15,16,39]
Lung	bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar type II epithelial cells	Human	mediates the active translocation of peptides across the lung	[40]
Mammary gland	epithelial cells of mammary glands and ducts	Rat, Rabbit, Bovine, Human, Pig, Caprine	mediates the transport of peptides into the mammary gland	[23,25,26,27,41,42]
Skin	keratinocytes	Human	mediates the absorption of di-peptide, tripeptides and peptidomic drugs	[29]
heart	cardiomyocytes	Pig, Rat	serves to peptide uptake	[43,44]