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Origin of CAFs and their relation to cancer. CAFs might be derived from mesenchymal cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, adipocytes, pericytes and smooth muscle cells. The main markers that can be recognized regarding GI cancers are: FAP, α-SMA, vimentin, FSP1, PDFGR-α/β and periostin. They are related to cancer by promoting tumor growth, cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and immune remodeling.
