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. 2022 Aug 23;44(9):3792–3808. doi: 10.3390/cimb44090260

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Modulators of pro- and anti-inflammatory stages (the immune phases) during pregnancy. Legend: ↑: increase; ↓: decrease; IL-2: interleukin 2; IL-4: interleukin 4; IFNγ: interferon gamma; NFκB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NFκBIA: NFκB inhibitor alpha; Th: T helper cells.