Table 1.
Anthropometric and socioeconomic characteristics and the AMD by sex.
| Panel A | ||||
| Variables |
Total
Mean (SD) |
Boys
Mean (SD) |
Girls
Mean (SD) |
p-Value |
| Age | 15.07 (1.46) | 15.00 (1.51) | 15.14 (1.41) | 0.077 |
| Height | 1.69 (0.10) | 1.74 (0.09) | 1.64 (0.07) | <0.001 |
| Weight | 60.78 (13.3) | 65.6 (14.49) | 55.97 (9.85) | <0.001 |
| BMI | 21.23 (3.68) | 21.61 (3.98) | 20.85 (3.30) | <0.001 |
| Night sleep duration | 7.40 (1.15) | 7.44 (1.17) | 7.35 (1.12) | 0.070 |
| Panel B | ||||
| Variables | Total N (%) | Boys N (%) | Girls N (%) | |
| Sex | 2081 (100) | 1025 (49.3) | 1052 (50.7) | |
| Family structure | ||||
| Single parent | 282 (13.9) * | 128 (12.9) | 151 (14.8) | |
| Two parents | 1666 (81.8) | 809 (81.2) | 856 (82.4) | |
| Other | 84 (4.3) | 59 (5.9) | 29 (2.8) | |
| Maternal educational level | ||||
| Primary | 195 (9.6) | 90 (9.1) | 105 (10.2) | |
| Secondary | 733 (36.2) | 372 (37.7) | 360 (34.8) | |
| Tertiary | 1095 (54.2) | 525 (53.2) | 568 (55.0) | |
| Paternal educational level | ||||
| Primary | 264 (13.2) | 126 (12.8) | 138 (13.7) | |
| Secondary | 864 (41.4) | 401 (40.8) | 424 (42.0) | |
| Tertiary | 905 (45.4) | 456 (46.4) | 447 (44.3) | |
| Weight categories | ||||
| Underweight | 141 (7.38) | 49 (5.11) | 92 (9.65) | |
| Normal weight | 1386 (72.53) | 660 (68.89) | 726 (76.18) | |
| Overweight | 304 (15.91) | 200 (20.88) | 104 (10.91) | |
| Obese | 80 (4.19) | 49 (5.11) | 31 (3.25) | |
| Adherence to the MD | ||||
| Low | 181 (32.9) | 271 (28.11) | 383 (37.59) | |
| Medium | 1150 (57.93) | 577 (59.85) | 571 (56.04) | |
| Optimal | 181 (9.12) | 116 (12.03) | 65 (6.38) | |
Notes: Authors’ calculations. Panel A: means and standard deviations (in parentheses) are presented; p-value refers to the Mann–Whitney U test. Panel B: Frequencies are presented. Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index. * 13% of the sample live with their mother, 0.9%—with their father.