Table 5.
Summary of non-injectable cross-linked gels in CNS disorder.
| ROA | Polymer Used | Cross-Linking Agent/Factor Used | API/Agent Delivered | Human Disease | In-Vivo/In-Vitro Model | In-Vivo/In-Vitro Findings | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IN | Gellan gum | Heat | Sumatriptan succinate | Headaches | Sprague-Dawley rats | Improved brain targeting and bioavailability | [235] |
| IN | PF-127 | Heat | Tacrine | AD | Rats | Increased nasal residence time, improved bioavailability, and enhanced brain uptake | [236] |
| IN | PF-127 and PF-68 | Heat | Clozapine | Schizophrenia | Dialysis bag technique | Enhanced in-vitro drug release | [237] |
| IC | Pectin and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polylactic acid (PEG-b-PLA) | Ca2+ | Olaparib | Brain tumor | Mice | High drug loading, improved in-vitro stability, and drug release over prolonged periods | [239] |
| IN | Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)-co-acrylic acid | 1-ethyl-3-[3- dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride | Insulin | AD | Male C57BL/6J (B6) mice | Non-immunogenic response of the nasal mucosa. Enhanced distribution of insulin to different brain areas. |
[240] |
| TC | Sodium Alginate | Aqueous solvent | Pregabalin | Epilepsy | Dialysis membrane | Faster drug release, biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, non-irritant, and no reaction on the skin were observed. | [241] |
| IN | Carbopol 934 and Pluronics® 407 | Potassium persulfate | Resveratrol | Brain tumors | Wistar albino rats | Good drug release properties. Safe and tolerable to the nasal mucosa | [242] |
| IN | Chitosan | Glutaraldehyde | Liposomal donepezil HCl | AD | New Zealand white rabbits | Significant increase in blood concentration and brain content of the API, compared to the oral tablets | [243] |
Key: ROA = Route of Administration; IN = Intranasal and TC = Transcranial.