Table A2.

Observation-to-theme conversion (Effectiveness, and Barriers).

Authors	Measures of Effectiveness	Effectiveness Themes	Barriers to Adoption	Barrier Themes
McTavish et al. [17]	Low cost intervention, good acceptance, decreased cravings, increased autonomy and self-determination	Low cost	Must train users	Must train users
		Good acceptance
		Decreased consumption/cravings
		Increased self-efficacy/self-determination
Murray et al. [18]	Low operation cost (120/mo), effective at reducing consumption	Low cost	High setup cost (3200), must train users	Cost
		Decreased consumption/cravings		Must train users
		Equally as effective as traditional care (preference)
		Good acceptance
Morgan et al. [19]	Improved rates of depression	Decreased depression symptoms	Must have access to internet, average cost of AUD $12 per participant	Computer literacy/access to Internet
				Cost
Chih et al. [20]	Effective at predicting relapse	Can predict relapse and enable intervention	Must train users	Must train users
Kalapatapu et al. [21]	Effective at treating	Decreased consumption/cravings	none	Equally as effective, so change may not be necessary
		Equally as effective as traditional care (preference)
Stoner et al. [22]	Equally as effective at reducing consumption	Decreased consumption/cravings	Equally as effective, but expensive (unnecessarily)	Equally as effective, so change may not be necessary
		Equally as effective as traditional care (preference)		Cost
Bock et al. [23]	SMS effective at reducing consumption and increasing self-efficacy	Decreased consumption/cravings	Must train users	Must train users
		Increased self-efficacy/self-determination
Freyer-Adam et al. [24]	Educates participants and increases retention in programs	Educates	Must train users, computer literacy	Must train users
		Increased retention in treatment program
Gamito et al. [25]	Improved FAB indicates greater frontal-lobe activity, which could decrease alcohol addiction	Increased frontal lobe function	Must train users	Must train users
Barrio et al. [26]	Effective at reducing consumption	Decreased consumption/cravings	Must train users	Must train users
		Increased self-efficacy/self-determination
Gajecki et al. [27]	Effective at reducing consumption	Decreased consumption/cravings	Must train users	Must train users
		Increased self-efficacy/self-determination
Glass et al. [28]	Effective at reducing consumption, effective at increasing treatment participation	Decreased consumption/cravings	Must train users	Must train users
		Increased retention in treatment program
Rose et al. [29]	Equally as effective at reducing consumption	Decreased consumption/cravings	Equally as effective, but expensive (unnecessarily), must train users	Cost
				Equally as effective, so change may not be necessary
				Must train users
Jo et al. [30]	Reduced alcohol consumption, improved self-efficacy	Decreased consumption/cravings	Must train users	Must train users
		Increased self-efficacy/self-determination
Mellentin et al. [31]	Equally as effective at reducing consumption	Decreased consumption/cravings	Equally as effective, but expensive (unnecessarily), must train users	Equally as effective, so change may not be necessary
				Must train users
Harder et al. [32]	Reduced alcohol consumption, increased self-efficacy	Decreased consumption/cravings	Must train users	Must train users
		Increased self-efficacy/self-determination
Hendershot et al. [33]	increased medication adherence, decreased consumption, decreased cravings	Increased medication compliance	Must train users	Must train users
		Equally as effective as traditional care (preference)
		Decreased consumption/cravings
Constant et al. [34]	Sustained abstinence from excessive drinking	Decreased consumption/cravings	Must train users Must sustain intervention repeated for best results	Must train users
		Increased self-efficacy/self-determination		Must sustain intervention for long-term results
		Sustained abstinence from drinking
Graser et al. [35]	Sustained abstinence from excessive drinking	Decreased consumption/cravings	Must train users	Must train users
		Sustained abstinence from drinking
Hammond et al. [36]	Reinforced positive behaviors	Increased self-efficacy/self-determination	Must train users	Must train users
Manning et al. [37]	Reduced alcohol consumption	Decreased consumption/cravings	Must train users	Must train users
Howe et al. [38]	Improved decision making of alcohol users	Increased self-efficacy/self-determination	Must train users Must possess smartphone	Must train users
		Decreased consumption/cravings
Leightley et al. [39]	Reduced alcohol consumption rates	Decreased consumption/cravings	Must train users	Must train users
McKay et al. [40]	Improved rates of alcohol dependent persons	Increased self-efficacy/self-determination	Must train users	Must train users
		Decreased consumption/cravings
O’Grady et al. [41]	Improved rates of alcohol dependent persons, increased access	Increased self-efficacy/self-determination	Must have access to internet; time constraints on provider workload	Computer literacy/access to Internet
		Decreased consumption/cravings		Impacts provider workload
		Increased access to care		Must train users