Fig 1.

(A) Negative exponentially bounded vs. fat-tailed dispersal kernels. (Left) Four example dispersal kernels: exponential, folded Gaussian, and Pareto distributions. The Pareto distribution is a form of power-law distribution, which is a classic example of a “fat-tailed” distribution. (Middle) Probability density of each dispersal kernel, with the inset showing values in the tail. (Right) Density plots obtained from the set of highest values of 100 draws for each dispersal kernel. (B) Nearest-neighbor stepping stone model of migration. (C) Example of non-nearest-neighbor migration in the form of commercial flight routes originating from O’Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois. Dots represent airport locations. Constructed using publicly available data from https://openflights.org/data.html and Natural Earth using the R package ggmap [9].