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. 2022 Sep 7;23(18):10346. doi: 10.3390/ijms231810346

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Inhibitory effects of C. petasites extracts and hesperetin on the NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 gene expression in Spike S1-induced A549 cells. A549 cells were pre-treated with CpEE (A), CpEA (B) at a concentration of 0–200 μg/mL and hesperetin (C) at a concentration of 0–40 μg/mL for 24 h. Then, the cells were exposed to Spike S1 (100 ng/mL) for 3 h. The mRNA expressions were determined using RT-qPCR. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. values of three independent experiments, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. the Spike S1-induced A549 cells.