CpEA and hesperetin inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in Spike S1-induced A549 lung cells. A549 lung cells were pre-treated with CpEA at a concentration of 0–200 μg/mL or hesperetin at a concentration of 0–40 μg/mL for 24 h, and then exposed to Spike S1 (100 ng/mL) for 3 h. The inhibitory effects of CpEA (A) and hesperetin (B) on the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 proteins in A549 cells. The inhibitory effects of CpEA and hesperetin on the expressions of cleaved caspase-1 in culture supernatant and cell lysate from A549 cells (C). The data is displayed in Western blot and band density measurements. The Spike S1-induced A549 cells are presented as 100% of control. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. values of three independent experiments, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. the Spike S1-induced A549 cells.